Publications
Google Scholar Profile
2021
118. Dzal, Y.A. and C.K.R. Willis (2021) Applying conservation physiology in response to a devastating wildlife disease, white-nose syndrome in bats. Conservation Physiology: Integrating Physiology into Animal Conservation and Management (Madliger, C., S.J. Cooke, C. Franklin, and O. Love, editors). Oxford University Press, Oxford UK. 145-164 doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843610.003.0009
117. Menzies, A.K., Q.M.R. Webber, Y.A. Dzal and C.K.R. Willis (2021) Torpor and Tinbergen: Integrating physiological and behavioural traits with ontogeny, phylogenetic history, survival and fitness to understand heterothermy in bats. In: 50 Years of Bat Research: Foundations and New Frontiers (Kurta A. and R.M.R. Brigham, editors). Springer, Berlin. 223-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54727-1_14
116. Green, D.M., McGuire, L.P., Vanderwel, M.C., Willis, C.K.R., Noakes, M.J., Bohn, S.J., Green, E.N. and Brigham, R.M. (2021) Local trends in abundance of migratory bats across 20 years. Journal of Mammalogy. 101:1542–1547 doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa154 PDF
2020
115. Webber, Q.M.R. and C.K.R. Willis (2020) Personality affects dynamics of an experimental pathogen in little brown bats. Royal Society Open Science. 7:200770 doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200770 PDF
114. Geiser, F., A. Bondarenco, S.E. Currie, A.C. Doty, G. Körtner, B.S. Law, C.R. Pavey, C. Stawski, C. Turbill, CKR Willis and R.M. Brigham (2020) Hibernation and daily torpor in Australian and New Zealand bats: Does the climate zone matter. Australian Journal of Zoology. doi.org/10/1071/ZO20025.
113. Wilcox, A.E. and C.K.R. Willis (2020) Evidence of social structure influencing feeding behaviour in captive little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Northwestern Naturalist 101:130-135.
112. Lemieux-Labonté, V., N.A.S.-Y Dorville, C.K.R. Willis and F.-J. Lapointe (2020) Skin microbiota antifungal potential of hibernating big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) infected with the causal agent of white-nose syndrome. Microbiome 11:1776. doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01776. LINK
111. Bernard, R.F., J.D. Reichard, J.T.H. Coleman, J.C. Blackwood4, M.L. Verant, J.L. Segers, J.M. Lorch, J.P. White, M.S. Moore, A.L. Russell, R.A. Katz, D.L. Lindner, R.S. Toomey, G.G. Turner, W.F. Frick, M.J. Vonhof, C.K.R. Willis, E.H. Campbell Grant (2020) Identifying research needs to inform white-nose syndrome management. Conservation Science and Practice 2:e220. doi.org/10.1111/csp2.220. LINK
110. Davy, C.M., M.E. Donaldson, H. Bandouchova, A.M. Breit, N.A.S. Dorville, Y.A. Dzal, V. Kovacova, E.L. Kunkel, N. Martinkova, K.J.O. Norquay, J. Zukal, J. Pikula, C.K.R. Willis and C.J. Kyle (2020) Transcriptional host-pathogen responses of Pseudogymnoascus destructans and three species of bats during white-nose syndrome. Virulence. 11:781-794 doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2020.1768018. PDF
109. Fletcher, Q.E., Q.M.R. Webber, and C.K.R. Willis (2020) Modelling the potential efficacy of treatments for white-nose syndrome in bats. Journal of Applied Ecology 57:1283-1291 doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13619.
108. Fuller, N.W., L.P. McGuire, E.L. Pannkuk, T. Blute, C.G. Haase, H.W. Mayberry, T.S. Risch, and C.K.R. Willis (2020) Disease recovery in bats affected by white-nose syndrome. Journal of Experimental Biology 223:jeb211912. Featured in the ‘Inside JEB’ section of the journal.
107. Webber, Q.M.R. and C.K.R. Willis (2020) Correlations between personality traits and roosting behaviours reveal two functionally distinct behavioural syndromes in little brown bats. Behaviour 157:143-183. LINK
106. Haase, C.G., N.W. Fuller, C.R. Hranac, D.T.S. Hayman, L.P. McGuire, K.J.O. Norquay, K.A. Silas, C.K.R. Willis, R.K. Plowright, S.H. Olsen (2019) Incorporating evaporative water loss into bioenergetic models of hibernation to test for relative influence of host and pathogen traits on white-nose syndrome. PLOS One 14:e0222311. LINK
2019
105. Bondo, K.J., C.K.R. Willis, J.D. Metheny, R.J. Kilgour, E.H. Gillam, M.C. Kalcounis-Ruepell and R.M. Brigham (2019) Bats relocate maternity colonies after natural loss of roost trees. Journal of Wildlife Management. 83:1753-1761.
104. Baloun, D.E., Q.M.R. Webber, L.P. McGuire, J.G. Boyles, A. Shrivastav and C.K.R. Willis (2019) Testing the “fasting-while-foraging” hypothesis: Effects of recent feeding on plasma metabolite concentrations in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 92:373-380.
103. McGuire, L.P., H.W. Mayberry, Q.E. Fletcher and C.K.R. Willis (2019) An experimental test of electrolyte supplementation in bats with white-nose syndrome. Conservation Physiology 7:coz006. PDF
102. Cheng, T., A. Gerson, M. Moore, J. Reichard, J. DeSimone, C.K.R. Willis, W. Frick, A.M. Kilpatrick (2019) Higher fat stores contribute to persistence of little brown bat populations with white-nose syndrome. Journal of Animal Ecology. 88:591-600. PDF
2018
101. Davy, C.M., M.E. Donaldson, S. Subudhi, N. Rapin, L. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, T.K. Bollinger, C.J. Kyle, N.A.S.-Y. Dorville, E.L. Kunkel, K.J.O. Norquay, Y.A. Dzal, C.K.R. Willis, and V. Misra (2018) White-nose syndrome is associated with increased replication of naturally persisting coronaviruses in bats. Scientific Reports. 8:15508. PDF
100. Muise, K.A., A.K. Menzies and C.K.R. Willis (2018) Stress-induced changes in body temperature of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans). Physiology and Behavior 194:356-361.
99. Byrne, A.Q., T.J. Poorten; J. Voyles, C.K.R. Willis and E.B. Rosenblum (2018) Opening the file drawer: Unexpected insights from a chytrid infection experiment. PLOS One. 13:e0196851. PDF
98. Webber, Q.M.R. and C.K.R. Willis (2018) An experimental test of the effects of ambient temperature and roost quality on aggregation by little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Journal of Thermal Biology. 74:174-180. PDF
97. Subudhi, S., N. Rapin, N. Dorville, J.E. Hill, J. Town, C.K.R. Willis, T.K. Bollinger and V. Misra (2018) Isolation, characterization and prevalence of a novel Gammaherpesvirus in Eptesicus fuscus, the North American big brown bat. Virology. 516:277-238. PDF
96. Donaldson, M.E., C.M. Davy, K.J. Vanderwolf, C.K.R. Willis, B.J. Saville and C.J. Kyle (2018) Growth media and incubation temperature alter the Pesudogymnoascus destructans transcriptome: Implications in identifying virulence factors. Mycologia. DOI.10.1080/00275514.2018.1438223.
2017
95. Webber, Q.M.R., Q.E. Fletcher and C.K.R. Willis (2017) Viral richness is positively related to group size, but not mating system, in bats. Ecohealth. 14:652-661. PDF
94. Lemieux-Labonté, V., A. Simard, C.K.R. Willis and F.-J. Lapointe (2017) Enrichment of beneficial bacteria in the skin microbiome of bats persisting with white nose syndrome. Microbiome. 5:115. PDF
93. McGuire, L.P., H.W. Mayberry, and C.K.R. Willis (2017) White-nose syndrome increases torpid metabolic rate and evaporative water loss in hibernating bats. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative Comparative. 313:R680-R686. PDF
92. Mayberry, H.W., L.P. McGuire and C.K.R. Willis (2017) Body temperatures of hibernating little brown bats reveal pronounced behavioural activity during deep torpor and suggest a fever response during white-nose syndrome. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. DOI 10.1007/s00360-017-1119-0. PDF
91. Sobudhi, S., N. Rapeen, T.K. Bollinger, J.E. Hill, M.E. Donaldson, C. Davy, L. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, C.J. Kyle, C.K.R. Willis and V. Misra (2017) A persistently infecting coronavirus in hibernating Myotis lucifugus, the North American little brown bat. Journal of General Virology. 98:2297-2309.
90. Davy, C.M., M. Donaldson, Y. Rico, C. Lausen, K. Dogantzis, K. Ritchie, C.K.R. Willis, D. Burles, T. Jung, S. McBurney, A. Park, D. McAlpine, K. Vanderwolf and C.J. Kyle (2017) Prelude to a panzootic: gene flow and continent-wide immunogenetic variation in northern Little Brown Myotis prior to the introduction of white-nose syndrome. Facets. 2:690-714. PDF
89. Donaldson, M.E., C.M. Davy, C.K.R. Willis, S. McBurney, A. Park and C.J. Kyle (2017) Profiling the immunome of little brown myotis provides a yardstick for measuring the genetic response to white-nose syndrome. Evolutionary Applications. doi: 10.1111/eva.12514. PDF
88. Trivedi J., K. Vanderwolf, J. Lachapelle, V. Misra, C.K.R. Willis, J. Ratcliffe, R. Ness, J. Anderson, L. Kohn (2017) Fungus causing white-nose syndrome in bats accumulates genetic variability in North America with no sign of recombination. MSphere. 2:e00271-17.
87. Willis, C.K.R. (2017) Tradeoffs influencing the physiological ecology of hibernation in temperate-zone bats. Integrative and Comparative Biology. doi:10.1093/icb/icx087. PDF
86. Davy, C.M., M. Donaldson, C.K.R. Willis, B. Saville, L.P. McGuire, H.W. Mayberry, A. Wilcox, G. Wibbelt, V. Misra, T.K. Bollinger, C. Kyle (2017) The other white-nose syndrome transcriptome: tolerant and susceptible hosts respond differently to the pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Ecology and Evolution. 7:7161-7170. PDF
85. Bohn, S.J., Q.M.R. Webber, K.R.N. Florko, K.R. Paslawski, A.M. Peterson, J.E. Piche, A.K. Menzies, and C.K.R. Willis (2017) Personality predicts ectoparasite abundance in an asocial sciurid. Ethology. 123:761-771. PDF
84. Czenze, Z.J., K. A. Jonasson, and C.K.R. Willis (2017) Thrifty females, frisky males: Winter energetics of bats from a cold climate. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 90:502-511. PDF
83. Klüg-Baerwald, B.J., C.L. Lausen, C.K.R. Willis and R.M. Brigham (2017) Home is where you hang your bat: winter roost selection by prairie-living big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Journal of Mammalogy. 98:752-760. PDF
2016
82. McGuire, L.P., K.A. Muise, A. Shrivastav and C.K.R. Willis (2016) No evidence of hyperphagia during pre-hibernation fattening in a northern population of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 64:821-827.
81. Davy, C.M., G.F. Mastromonaco, H. Mayberry, J.L. Riley, J.H. Baxter-Gilbert and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Conservation implications of physiological carry-over effects in bats recovering from white-nose syndrome. Conservation Biology. 31:615-624.
80. Cheng, T.L., H. Mayberry, L.P. McGuire, J.R. Hoyt, K.E. Langwig, H. Nguyen, K.L. Parise, J.T. Foster, *C.K.R. Willis, *A.M. Kilpatrick, *W.F. Frick (2016) Efficacy of a probiotic bacterium to treat bats affected by the disease white-nose syndrome. Journal of Applied Ecology. 54:701-708. *authors contributed equally. PDF
79. Bohn, S.J., J.M. Turner, L. Warnecke, C. Mayo, L.P. McGuire, V. Misra, T.K. Bollinger and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Evidence of ‘sickness behaviour’ in bats with white-nose syndrome. Behaviour. 153:981-1003. PDF
78. Menzies, A.K., D.E. Baloun, Q.M.R. Webber, K.A. Muise, D. Cote, and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Metabolic rate, colony size and latitude but not phylogeny affect rewarming rates of bats. Physiology and Behavior. 164:361-368. PDF
77. McGuire, L.P., J.M. Turner, L. Warnecke, G. McGregor, T.K. Bollinger, V. Misra, J.T. Foster, W.F. Frick, A.M. Kilpatrick and C.K.R. Willis (2016) White-nose syndrome disease severity and a comparison of diagnostic methods. EcoHealth. DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1107-y. PDF
76. Webber, Q.M.R., R.M. Brigham, A.D. Park, E.H. Gillam, T.J. O'Shea, and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Social network characteristics and predicted pathogen dynamics in summer colonies of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 70:701-712. PDF
75. Webber, Q.M.R. and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Sociality, parasites and pathogens in bats. Pp 105-139 in: Social Behaviour of Bats (J. Ortega, ed.). Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. PDF
74. Wilcox, A. and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Energetic benefits of enhanced summer roosting habitat for little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) recovering from white-nose syndrome. Conservation Physiology. 4:cov070. PDF
73. Madliger, C.L, S.J. Cooke; E.J. Crespi, J.L. Funk, K.R. Hultine, K.E. Hunt, J.R. Rohr, B.J. Sinclair, C.D. Suski, C.K.R. Willis, and O.P. Love (2016) Success stories and emerging themes in conservation physiology. Conservation Physiology. 4:cov507. PDF
72. Frick, W.F., S. Puechmaille and C.K.R. Willis (2016) White-nose syndrome in bats. Pp 245-262 In: Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World. (Voigt and Kingston, eds). Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. LINK
2015
71. Willis, C.K.R. (2015) Conservation physiology for conservation pathogens: white-nose syndrome and integrative biology for host-pathogen systems. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 55:631-641. PDF
70. Webber, Q.M.R., Czenze Z.C., and C.K.R. Willis (2015) Host demographic predicts ectoparasite dynamics for a colonial host during pre-hibernation mating. Parasitology. 142:1260-1269. PDF
69. C.M. Davy, Martinez-Nunez, F., C.K.R. Willis and S.V. Good (2015) Implications of spatial genetic structure among winter aggregations of bats along the leading edge of a rapidly spreading pathogen. Conservation Genetics. 16:1013-1024. PDF
68. Pannkuk, E.L., L.P. McGuire, L. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, C.K.R. Willis, and T.S. Risch (2015) Glycerophospholipid profiles of bats with white nose syndrome. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 88:425-432. PDF
67. Czenze, Z.C. and C.K.R. Willis (2015) Warming up and shipping out: Cues for arousal and emergence in hibernating little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 185:575-586. PDF
66. Langwig, K.E., J. Voyles, M.Q. Wilber, W.F. Frick, K.A. Murray, B.M. Bolker, J.P. Collins, T.L. Cheng, M.C. Fisher, J.R. Hoyt, D.L. Lindner, H.I. McCallum, R. Puschendorf, E.B. Rosenblum, M. Toothman, C.K.R. Willis, C.J. Briggs, A.M. Kilpatrick (2015) Context-dependent conservation responses to emerging wildlife diseases. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 13:195-202. PDF
65. Turner, J.M., L. Warnecke, A. Wilcox, D. Baloun, T.K. Bollinger, V. Misra and C.K.R. Willis (2015) Conspecific disturbance contributes to altered hibernation patterns in bats with white-nose syndrome. Physiology and Behavior. 140:71-78. PDF
64. Webber, Q.M.R., L.P. McGuire, S.B. Smith and C.K.R. Willis (2015) Host behaviour, age and sex correlate with ectoparasite prevalence and intensity in a colonial mammal, the little brown bat. Behaviour. 152:83-105. PDF
63. Boratyński, J.S., C.K.R. Willis, M. Jefimow, and M.S. Wojciechowski (2015) Huddling reduces evaporative water loss in torpid Natterer's bats, Myotis nattereri. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 179:125-132. PDF
2014
62. Rapin, N., K. Johns, L. Martin, L. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, T.K. Bollinger, C.K.R. Willis, J. Voyles, and V. Misra (2014) Activation of innate-response genes in Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus) infected with the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans PLOS One. 9:e112285. PDF
61. Jameson, J.W. and C.K.R. Willis (2014) Activity of bats at anthropogenic tall structures: Implications for mortality of bats at wind turbines. Animal Behaviour. 97:145-152. PDF
60. Voyles, J., A.M. Kilpatrick, J.P. Collins, M.C. Fisher, W.F. Frick, H. McCallum, C.K.R. Willis, D.S. Blehert, K.A. Murray, R. Puschendorf, E.B. Rosenblum, B.M. Bolker, T.L. Cheng, K.E. Langwig, D.L. Linder, M. Toothman, M.Q. Wilber, C.J. Briggs (2014) Moving Beyond Too Little, Too Late: Managing Emerging Infectious Diseases in Wild Populations Requires International Policy and Partnerships. EcoHealth. DOI: 10.1007/s10393-014-0980-5. PDF
59. Willis, C.K.R. and A. Wilcox (2014) Hormones and hibernation: Possible links between hormone systems, winter energy balance and white-nose syndrome in bats. Hormones and Behavior. 66:66-73. PDF
58. Norquay, K.J.O. and C.K.R. Willis (2014) Hibernation phenology of Myotis lucifugus. Journal of Zoology (London). 294:85-92. PDF
57. Clare E.L., W.O. Symondson, H.G. Broders, F-H. Fabianek, E. Fraser, A. Mackenzie, A. Boughen, R. Hamilton, C.K.R. Willis, F. Martinez-Nunez, A.K. Menzies, K.J.O. Norquay, R.M. Brigham, J. Rintoul, J. Poissant, R.M.R. Barclay, J. Reimer (2014) The diet of Myotis lucifugus across Canada: assessing foraging quality and diet variability. Molecular Ecology. 23:3618–3632.
56. Wilcox, A., L.T. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, L.P. McGuire, J.W. Jameson, V. Misra, T.C. Bollinger and C.K.R. Willis (2014) Behaviour of hibernating little brown bats experimentally inoculated with the pathogen that causes white-nose syndrome. Animal Behaviour. 88:157-164. PDF
55. Stawski, C., C.K.R. Willis and F. Geiser (2014) The importance of torpor in bats. Journal of Zoology (London). y 292: 86–100 doi:10.1111/jzo.12105. PDF
2013
54. Menzies, A.K., M.E. Timonin, L.P. McGuire and C.K.R. Willis (2013) Personality variation in little brown bats. PLOS One. 8: e80230. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0080230. PDF
53. L. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, T.K. Bollinger, V. Misra, P.M. Cryan, D.S. Blehert, G. Wibbelt and C.K.R. Willis (2013) Pathophysiology of white-nose syndrome in bats: a mechanistic model linking wing damage to mortality. Biology Letters. 9:20130177. PDF
Featured in the University of Winnipeg News Centre and by CBC Radio's Quirks & Quarks.
52. Czenze, Z.J., A.D. Park and C.K.R.Willis (2013) Staying cold through dinner: Cold-climate bats rewarm with conspecifics but not sunset during hibernation. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 183:859-866. PDF Request
51. Luis, A.D., D.T.S. Hayman, T.J. O’Shea, P.M. Cryan, A.T. Gilbert, J.R.C. Pulliam, J.N. Mills, M.E. Timonin, C.K.R. Willis, A.A. Cunningham, A.R. Fooks, C.E. Rupprecht, J.L.N. Wood, and C.T. Webb (2013) A comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses: Are bats special? Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B. 280: 20122753. PDF
Featured by Live Science, Community Radio for Northern Colorado (NPR), Science In Action,
and Science News.
50. Norquay, K.J.O., F. Martinez-Nunez, J.E. Dubois, K. Monson and C.K.R. Willis (2013) Long-distance movements of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Journal of Mammalogy. 94: 506-515. PDF
2012
49. Cryan, P.M., J.W. Jameson, E.F. Baerwald, C.K.R. Willis, R.M.R. Barclay, E.A Snider and E.G. Crichton (2012) Evidence of late-summer mating readiness and early sexual maturation in migratory tree-roosting bats found dead at wind turbines. PLoS One, 7: e47586. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047586. PDF
48. Warnecke L., J.M. Turner, T.K. Bollinger, J.M. Lorch, V. Misra, P.M. Cryan, G. Wibbelt, D.S. Blehert and C.K.R. Willis (2012) Inoculation of bats with European Geomyces destructans supports the novel pathogen hypothesis for the origin of white-nose syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 109: 6999-7003. PDF
Featured by CBC Radio's Quirks & Quarks, BBC World News (scroll to minute 19:30),
New York Public Radio, The Guardian (UK), The Toronto Star and others
47. Jonasson K.A. and C.K.R. Willis (2012) Hibernation energetics of little brown bats. Journal of Experimental Biology, 215:2141-2149. PDF
Featured in the "Inside JEB" section.
46. Jameson, J.W. and C.K.R. Willis (2012) Bat mortality at a wind power facility in central Canada. Northwestern Naturalist, 93: 194-202. doi: 10.1898/12-03.1. PDF
2011
45. Willis, C.K.R., A.K. Menzies, J.G. Boyles, and M.S.Wojciechowski. (2011) Cutaneous water loss is a plausible explanation for mortality of bats from white-nose syndrome. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 51:364-373. PDF
Featured by American Physiological Society blog, 9 Sept. 2011
44. Brigham, R.M., C.K.R. Willis, F. Geiser, and N. Mzilikazi. (2011) Baby in the bathwater: Should we abandon body temperature thresholds to quantify expression of torpor? Journal of Thermal Biology. 36: 376-379. PDF
43. Jonasson K.A. and C.K.R. Willis. (2011) Changes in body condition of hibernating bats support the thrifty female hypothesis and predict consequences for populations with white-nose syndrome. PLoS One. 6: 1-8. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021061 PDF
42. Timonin, M.E., C.J. Carrière, A. Dudych, J.G.W. Latimer, S.T. Unruh, and C.K.R. Willis. (2011) Individual differences in the behavioural responses of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) to an unfamiliar environment are not correlated with variation in resting metabolic rate. Journal of Zoology (London). 284: 198-205. PDF
One of the 'Top 10 Most Cited' papers in the Journal of Journal of Zoology for 2013.
41. Lane, J.E., M.N.K. Forrest and C.K.R. Willis (2011) Anthropogenic influences on natural animal mating systems. Animal Behaviour. 81: 909-917. PDF
40. Czenze, Z. S.N.P. Wong and C.K.R. Willis. (2011) Observations of eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) 160 km off the coast of Nova Scotia. Bat Research News. 52:28-30
39. Norquay, K.J.O., J.E. Dubois, K. Monson and C.K.R. Willis (2011) Survival estimates for pre-WNS little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario. Pp 38-45 In: From Border to Border: Common Themes in Parks Management Research – Proceedings of the Parks and Protected Areas Research Forum of Manitoba. (C.K.R. Willis, P. Thingstad and J. Davin, eds.). Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Canada.
38. Willis, C.K.R., P. Thingstad and J. Davin (eds.) (2011) From Border to Border: Common Themes in Parks Management Research – Proceedings of the Parks and Protected Areas Research Forum of Manitoba. Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Canada.
2010
37. Matheson, A.L., K.L. Campbell and C.K.R. Willis (2010) Feasting, fasting and freezing: Energetic effects of meal size and temperature on torpor expression by little brown bats. Journal of Experimental Biology. 213: 2165-2173. PDF
36. Norquay, K.J.O., A.K. Menzies, C.S. McKibbin, M.E. Timonin, D.E. Baloun and C.K.R. Willis (2010) Silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) found ensnared on burdock (Arctium minus). Northwestern Naturalist. 91: 339-342. PDF
35. Jonasson, K.A., M.E. Timonin, K.J.O. Norquay, A.K. Menzies, J. Dubois, and C.K.R. Willis (2010) A little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) survives in the wild with only one foot. Journal of Wildlife Rehabilitation. 30: 27-29. PDF
34. Willis, C.K.R., R.M.R. Barclay, J.G. Boyles, R.M. Brigham, V. Brack, Jr., D.L. Waldien, J. Reichard (2010) Bats are not birds and other problems with Sovacool’s (2009) analysis of animal fatalities due to electricity generation. Energy Policy. 38: 2067-2069. PDF
33. Willis, C.K.R. and M.B. Fenton (2010) Social behavior and communication. Pp 57-71 in Bats in Captivity, Vol II. (Barnard S. ed.) Logos Press, Washington D.C.
32. Boyles, J.G. and C.K.R. Willis (2010) Could localized warm areas in cold caves reduce mortality of hibernating bats affected by white-nose syndrome? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 8:92-98. PDF
Featured by National Geographic, Scientific American, “Science Friday” (NPR), L.A.
Times, USA Today, Montreal Gazette, CBC News.
2009
31. Willis, C.K.R., Jameson J.W., Faure, P.A., Boyles, J.G., Brack V. Jr., Cervone, T.H. (2009) Thermocron iButton and iBBat temperature dataloggers emit ultrasound. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 179: 867-874. PDF
Click here to listen to time-expanded audio files of iButton ultrasound
30. Willis, C.K.R. and C.E. Cooper (2009) Techniques for studying thermoregulation and thermal biology in bats. Pp 646-658 in Ecological and Behavioral Methods for the Study of Bats. 2nd Edition (Kunz, T.H. and S. Parsons eds.) Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore
29. Misra, V., T. Dumonceaux, J. Dubois, C.K.R. Willis, S. Nadin-Davis, A. Severini, A. Wanderler, R. Lindsay, Artsob, H. (2009) Detection of 3 polyoma and corona viruses in bats of Canada. Journal of General Virology. 90: 2015-2022. PDF
28. Halowaty, M., Campbell and C.K.R. Willis (eds.) (2009) Parks and Technology: Using Technology to Help Manage Manitoba’s Parks. Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Canada.
2008
27. Metheny, J.D., M.C. Kalcounis-Ruepell, C.K.R. Willis, K.A. Kolar and R.M. Brigham (2008) Genetic relationships of roost-mates in a fission-fusion society of tree-roosting big brown bats. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 62: 1043-1051. PDF
26. Willis, C.K.R. (2008) A phylogenetic analysis of torpor arousal: do habitat or sociality predict warming rate? Pp 373-384 in Hypometabolism in Animals: Torpor, Hibernation and Cryobiology (Lovegrove B.G. and A.E. McKechnie eds). PDF
25. Geiser, F., N. Christian, C.E. Cooper, G. Koertner, B.M. McAllan, C. Pavey, J.M. Turner, L. Warnecke L., C.K.R. Willis and R.M. Brigham (2008) Torpor in marsupials: recent advances. Pp 297-786 in Hypometabolism in Animals: Torpor, Hibernation and Cryobiology (Lovegrove B.G. and A.E. McKechnie eds). PDF
2007
24. Willis, C.K.R. (2007) An energy-based, body temperature threshold between torpor and normothermia for small mammals. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 80: 643-651. PDF
23. Willis, C.K.R. and R.M. Brigham (2007) Social thermoregulation exerts more influence than microclimate on forest roost preferences by a cavity-dwelling bat. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 62: 97-108. PDF
22. Parkinson, T.D. and Willis, C.K.R. (2007) Habitat selection and thermal energetics of silver--haired bats Lasionycteris noctivigans: do bats like it hot? Pp 40-44 in: Landscapes, Wildlife and People: The Great Balancing Act: Proceedings of the Parks and Protected Areas Research Forum of Manitoba (Campbell, M., Hummelt, C., Mackay, K., and Camaso, L. eds). Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Canada.
2006
21. Willis, C.K.R., C.M. Voss and R.M. Brigham (2006) Roost Selection by female forest-living big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Journal of Mammalogy. 87: 345-350. PDF
20. Willis, C.K.R., R.M. Brigham and F. Geiser (2006) Deep, prolonged torpor by pregnant, free-ranging bats. Naturwissenschaften. 93: 80-83. PDF
19. Willis, C.K.R. (2006) Daily heterothermy in temperate bats using natural roosts. Pp. 38-55 in Functional and Evolutionary Ecology of Bats. (A. Zubaid, G.F. McCracken and T.H. Kunz eds.) Oxford University Press, New York.
2005
18. Phillips, I.D. and C.K.R. Willis (2005) Defensive behaviour of ants in a mutualistic relationship with aphids. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 59: 321-325. PDF
17. Willis, C.K.R., C. Turbill and F. Geiser (2005) Torpor and thermal energetics in a tiny Australian vespertilionid, the little forest bat (Vespadelus vulturnus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 175: 479-486. PDF
16. Willis, C.K.R., A. Goldzieher and F. Geiser (2005) A non-invasive method for quantifying patterns of torpor and activity under semi-natural conditions. Journal of Thermal Biology. 30: 551-556. PDF
15. Willis, C.K.R., J.E. Lane, E.T. Liknes, D.L. Swanson and R.M Brigham. (2005) Thermal energetics of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83: 871-879. PDF
14. Willis, C.K.R. and R.M. Brigham (2005) Physiological and ecological aspects of roost selection by reproductive female hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) Journal of Mammalogy. 86: 85-94. PDF
2004
13. Willis, C.K.R. and R.M. Brigham (2004) Roost switching, roost sharing and social cohesion: Forest-dwelling big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) conform to the fission-fusion model. Animal Behaviour. 68: 495-505. PDF
12. Fletcher, Q.E., R.J. Fisher, C.K.R. Willis and R.M. Brigham (2004) Free-ranging Common Nighthawks use torpor. Journal of Thermal Biology. 29: 9-14. PDF
11. Fisher, R.J., Q.E. Fletcher, C.K.R. Willis and R.M. Brigham (2004) Roost selection and roosting behavior of male Common Nighthawks.American Midland Naturalist. 151: 79-87. PDF
10. Willis, C.K.R., J.E. Lane, E.L. Liknes, D.L. Swanson and R.M. Brigham (2004) A technique for modeling thermoregulatory energy expenditure in free-ranging endotherms. Pp. 209-219 in Life in the Cold: Evolution, Mechanisms, Adaptation and Application. (Barnes, B.M. and H. Carey eds.) Biological Papers of the University of Alaska no. 27, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA. PDF
2003
9. Willis, C.K.R. and R.M. Brigham (2003) New records of the eastern red bat, Lasiurus borealis, from Cypress Hills Provincial ParkSaskatchewan: A response to climate change? Canadian Field Naturalist. 117: 651-654. PDF
8. Willis, C.K.R., K.A. Kolar, A.L. Karst, M.C. Kalcounis-Ruepell and R.M. Brigham (2003) Long-term reuse of trembling aspen cavities by big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Acta Chiropterologica. 5: 85-90. PDF
7. Willis, C.K.R. and R.M. Brigham (2003) Defining torpor in free-ranging bats: Experimental evaluation of external temperature sensitive radiotransmitters and the concept of active temperature. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 173: 379-389. PDF
Pre-2003
6. Willis, C.K.R., J. Psyllakis and D.J.H. Sleep (2002). Chaerephon nigeriae. Mammalian Species. 710: 1-3. PDF
5. Willis, C.K.R., R.F. Quinn, W.N. McDonell, J. Gati, G. Partlow and T. Vilis, (2001) Functional MRI activity in the thalamus and occipital cortex of anesthetized dogs induced using binocular and monocular stimulation. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. 65: 188-195.
4. Willis, C.K.R., R.F. Quinn, W.N. McDonell, J. Gati, J. Parent and D.A. Nicolle. (2001). Functional MRI as a tool to assess vision in dogs: The optimal anesthetic. Veterinary Ophthalmology. 4: 243-253. PDF
3. Willis, C.K.R. and M.L. Bast (2000) Status report for the Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus) in Canada. Accepted at the annual meeting of the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), May 2000.
2. Sleep, D.J.H. and C.K.R. Willis (2000) Normal foraging behaviour by a released bat. Bat Research News. 41:38.
1. Boutin, M.J. and C.K.R. Willis (1996) A new longevity record for Myotis yumanensis. Bat Research News. 37:11. PDF
2021
118. Dzal, Y.A. and C.K.R. Willis (2021) Applying conservation physiology in response to a devastating wildlife disease, white-nose syndrome in bats. Conservation Physiology: Integrating Physiology into Animal Conservation and Management (Madliger, C., S.J. Cooke, C. Franklin, and O. Love, editors). Oxford University Press, Oxford UK. 145-164 doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843610.003.0009
117. Menzies, A.K., Q.M.R. Webber, Y.A. Dzal and C.K.R. Willis (2021) Torpor and Tinbergen: Integrating physiological and behavioural traits with ontogeny, phylogenetic history, survival and fitness to understand heterothermy in bats. In: 50 Years of Bat Research: Foundations and New Frontiers (Kurta A. and R.M.R. Brigham, editors). Springer, Berlin. 223-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54727-1_14
116. Green, D.M., McGuire, L.P., Vanderwel, M.C., Willis, C.K.R., Noakes, M.J., Bohn, S.J., Green, E.N. and Brigham, R.M. (2021) Local trends in abundance of migratory bats across 20 years. Journal of Mammalogy. 101:1542–1547 doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa154 PDF
2020
115. Webber, Q.M.R. and C.K.R. Willis (2020) Personality affects dynamics of an experimental pathogen in little brown bats. Royal Society Open Science. 7:200770 doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200770 PDF
114. Geiser, F., A. Bondarenco, S.E. Currie, A.C. Doty, G. Körtner, B.S. Law, C.R. Pavey, C. Stawski, C. Turbill, CKR Willis and R.M. Brigham (2020) Hibernation and daily torpor in Australian and New Zealand bats: Does the climate zone matter. Australian Journal of Zoology. doi.org/10/1071/ZO20025.
113. Wilcox, A.E. and C.K.R. Willis (2020) Evidence of social structure influencing feeding behaviour in captive little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Northwestern Naturalist 101:130-135.
112. Lemieux-Labonté, V., N.A.S.-Y Dorville, C.K.R. Willis and F.-J. Lapointe (2020) Skin microbiota antifungal potential of hibernating big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) infected with the causal agent of white-nose syndrome. Microbiome 11:1776. doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01776. LINK
111. Bernard, R.F., J.D. Reichard, J.T.H. Coleman, J.C. Blackwood4, M.L. Verant, J.L. Segers, J.M. Lorch, J.P. White, M.S. Moore, A.L. Russell, R.A. Katz, D.L. Lindner, R.S. Toomey, G.G. Turner, W.F. Frick, M.J. Vonhof, C.K.R. Willis, E.H. Campbell Grant (2020) Identifying research needs to inform white-nose syndrome management. Conservation Science and Practice 2:e220. doi.org/10.1111/csp2.220. LINK
110. Davy, C.M., M.E. Donaldson, H. Bandouchova, A.M. Breit, N.A.S. Dorville, Y.A. Dzal, V. Kovacova, E.L. Kunkel, N. Martinkova, K.J.O. Norquay, J. Zukal, J. Pikula, C.K.R. Willis and C.J. Kyle (2020) Transcriptional host-pathogen responses of Pseudogymnoascus destructans and three species of bats during white-nose syndrome. Virulence. 11:781-794 doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2020.1768018. PDF
109. Fletcher, Q.E., Q.M.R. Webber, and C.K.R. Willis (2020) Modelling the potential efficacy of treatments for white-nose syndrome in bats. Journal of Applied Ecology 57:1283-1291 doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13619.
108. Fuller, N.W., L.P. McGuire, E.L. Pannkuk, T. Blute, C.G. Haase, H.W. Mayberry, T.S. Risch, and C.K.R. Willis (2020) Disease recovery in bats affected by white-nose syndrome. Journal of Experimental Biology 223:jeb211912. Featured in the ‘Inside JEB’ section of the journal.
107. Webber, Q.M.R. and C.K.R. Willis (2020) Correlations between personality traits and roosting behaviours reveal two functionally distinct behavioural syndromes in little brown bats. Behaviour 157:143-183. LINK
106. Haase, C.G., N.W. Fuller, C.R. Hranac, D.T.S. Hayman, L.P. McGuire, K.J.O. Norquay, K.A. Silas, C.K.R. Willis, R.K. Plowright, S.H. Olsen (2019) Incorporating evaporative water loss into bioenergetic models of hibernation to test for relative influence of host and pathogen traits on white-nose syndrome. PLOS One 14:e0222311. LINK
2019
105. Bondo, K.J., C.K.R. Willis, J.D. Metheny, R.J. Kilgour, E.H. Gillam, M.C. Kalcounis-Ruepell and R.M. Brigham (2019) Bats relocate maternity colonies after natural loss of roost trees. Journal of Wildlife Management. 83:1753-1761.
104. Baloun, D.E., Q.M.R. Webber, L.P. McGuire, J.G. Boyles, A. Shrivastav and C.K.R. Willis (2019) Testing the “fasting-while-foraging” hypothesis: Effects of recent feeding on plasma metabolite concentrations in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 92:373-380.
103. McGuire, L.P., H.W. Mayberry, Q.E. Fletcher and C.K.R. Willis (2019) An experimental test of electrolyte supplementation in bats with white-nose syndrome. Conservation Physiology 7:coz006. PDF
102. Cheng, T., A. Gerson, M. Moore, J. Reichard, J. DeSimone, C.K.R. Willis, W. Frick, A.M. Kilpatrick (2019) Higher fat stores contribute to persistence of little brown bat populations with white-nose syndrome. Journal of Animal Ecology. 88:591-600. PDF
2018
101. Davy, C.M., M.E. Donaldson, S. Subudhi, N. Rapin, L. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, T.K. Bollinger, C.J. Kyle, N.A.S.-Y. Dorville, E.L. Kunkel, K.J.O. Norquay, Y.A. Dzal, C.K.R. Willis, and V. Misra (2018) White-nose syndrome is associated with increased replication of naturally persisting coronaviruses in bats. Scientific Reports. 8:15508. PDF
100. Muise, K.A., A.K. Menzies and C.K.R. Willis (2018) Stress-induced changes in body temperature of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans). Physiology and Behavior 194:356-361.
99. Byrne, A.Q., T.J. Poorten; J. Voyles, C.K.R. Willis and E.B. Rosenblum (2018) Opening the file drawer: Unexpected insights from a chytrid infection experiment. PLOS One. 13:e0196851. PDF
98. Webber, Q.M.R. and C.K.R. Willis (2018) An experimental test of the effects of ambient temperature and roost quality on aggregation by little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Journal of Thermal Biology. 74:174-180. PDF
97. Subudhi, S., N. Rapin, N. Dorville, J.E. Hill, J. Town, C.K.R. Willis, T.K. Bollinger and V. Misra (2018) Isolation, characterization and prevalence of a novel Gammaherpesvirus in Eptesicus fuscus, the North American big brown bat. Virology. 516:277-238. PDF
96. Donaldson, M.E., C.M. Davy, K.J. Vanderwolf, C.K.R. Willis, B.J. Saville and C.J. Kyle (2018) Growth media and incubation temperature alter the Pesudogymnoascus destructans transcriptome: Implications in identifying virulence factors. Mycologia. DOI.10.1080/00275514.2018.1438223.
2017
95. Webber, Q.M.R., Q.E. Fletcher and C.K.R. Willis (2017) Viral richness is positively related to group size, but not mating system, in bats. Ecohealth. 14:652-661. PDF
94. Lemieux-Labonté, V., A. Simard, C.K.R. Willis and F.-J. Lapointe (2017) Enrichment of beneficial bacteria in the skin microbiome of bats persisting with white nose syndrome. Microbiome. 5:115. PDF
93. McGuire, L.P., H.W. Mayberry, and C.K.R. Willis (2017) White-nose syndrome increases torpid metabolic rate and evaporative water loss in hibernating bats. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative Comparative. 313:R680-R686. PDF
92. Mayberry, H.W., L.P. McGuire and C.K.R. Willis (2017) Body temperatures of hibernating little brown bats reveal pronounced behavioural activity during deep torpor and suggest a fever response during white-nose syndrome. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. DOI 10.1007/s00360-017-1119-0. PDF
91. Sobudhi, S., N. Rapeen, T.K. Bollinger, J.E. Hill, M.E. Donaldson, C. Davy, L. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, C.J. Kyle, C.K.R. Willis and V. Misra (2017) A persistently infecting coronavirus in hibernating Myotis lucifugus, the North American little brown bat. Journal of General Virology. 98:2297-2309.
90. Davy, C.M., M. Donaldson, Y. Rico, C. Lausen, K. Dogantzis, K. Ritchie, C.K.R. Willis, D. Burles, T. Jung, S. McBurney, A. Park, D. McAlpine, K. Vanderwolf and C.J. Kyle (2017) Prelude to a panzootic: gene flow and continent-wide immunogenetic variation in northern Little Brown Myotis prior to the introduction of white-nose syndrome. Facets. 2:690-714. PDF
89. Donaldson, M.E., C.M. Davy, C.K.R. Willis, S. McBurney, A. Park and C.J. Kyle (2017) Profiling the immunome of little brown myotis provides a yardstick for measuring the genetic response to white-nose syndrome. Evolutionary Applications. doi: 10.1111/eva.12514. PDF
88. Trivedi J., K. Vanderwolf, J. Lachapelle, V. Misra, C.K.R. Willis, J. Ratcliffe, R. Ness, J. Anderson, L. Kohn (2017) Fungus causing white-nose syndrome in bats accumulates genetic variability in North America with no sign of recombination. MSphere. 2:e00271-17.
87. Willis, C.K.R. (2017) Tradeoffs influencing the physiological ecology of hibernation in temperate-zone bats. Integrative and Comparative Biology. doi:10.1093/icb/icx087. PDF
86. Davy, C.M., M. Donaldson, C.K.R. Willis, B. Saville, L.P. McGuire, H.W. Mayberry, A. Wilcox, G. Wibbelt, V. Misra, T.K. Bollinger, C. Kyle (2017) The other white-nose syndrome transcriptome: tolerant and susceptible hosts respond differently to the pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Ecology and Evolution. 7:7161-7170. PDF
85. Bohn, S.J., Q.M.R. Webber, K.R.N. Florko, K.R. Paslawski, A.M. Peterson, J.E. Piche, A.K. Menzies, and C.K.R. Willis (2017) Personality predicts ectoparasite abundance in an asocial sciurid. Ethology. 123:761-771. PDF
84. Czenze, Z.J., K. A. Jonasson, and C.K.R. Willis (2017) Thrifty females, frisky males: Winter energetics of bats from a cold climate. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 90:502-511. PDF
83. Klüg-Baerwald, B.J., C.L. Lausen, C.K.R. Willis and R.M. Brigham (2017) Home is where you hang your bat: winter roost selection by prairie-living big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Journal of Mammalogy. 98:752-760. PDF
2016
82. McGuire, L.P., K.A. Muise, A. Shrivastav and C.K.R. Willis (2016) No evidence of hyperphagia during pre-hibernation fattening in a northern population of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 64:821-827.
81. Davy, C.M., G.F. Mastromonaco, H. Mayberry, J.L. Riley, J.H. Baxter-Gilbert and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Conservation implications of physiological carry-over effects in bats recovering from white-nose syndrome. Conservation Biology. 31:615-624.
80. Cheng, T.L., H. Mayberry, L.P. McGuire, J.R. Hoyt, K.E. Langwig, H. Nguyen, K.L. Parise, J.T. Foster, *C.K.R. Willis, *A.M. Kilpatrick, *W.F. Frick (2016) Efficacy of a probiotic bacterium to treat bats affected by the disease white-nose syndrome. Journal of Applied Ecology. 54:701-708. *authors contributed equally. PDF
79. Bohn, S.J., J.M. Turner, L. Warnecke, C. Mayo, L.P. McGuire, V. Misra, T.K. Bollinger and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Evidence of ‘sickness behaviour’ in bats with white-nose syndrome. Behaviour. 153:981-1003. PDF
78. Menzies, A.K., D.E. Baloun, Q.M.R. Webber, K.A. Muise, D. Cote, and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Metabolic rate, colony size and latitude but not phylogeny affect rewarming rates of bats. Physiology and Behavior. 164:361-368. PDF
77. McGuire, L.P., J.M. Turner, L. Warnecke, G. McGregor, T.K. Bollinger, V. Misra, J.T. Foster, W.F. Frick, A.M. Kilpatrick and C.K.R. Willis (2016) White-nose syndrome disease severity and a comparison of diagnostic methods. EcoHealth. DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1107-y. PDF
76. Webber, Q.M.R., R.M. Brigham, A.D. Park, E.H. Gillam, T.J. O'Shea, and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Social network characteristics and predicted pathogen dynamics in summer colonies of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 70:701-712. PDF
75. Webber, Q.M.R. and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Sociality, parasites and pathogens in bats. Pp 105-139 in: Social Behaviour of Bats (J. Ortega, ed.). Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. PDF
74. Wilcox, A. and C.K.R. Willis (2016) Energetic benefits of enhanced summer roosting habitat for little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) recovering from white-nose syndrome. Conservation Physiology. 4:cov070. PDF
73. Madliger, C.L, S.J. Cooke; E.J. Crespi, J.L. Funk, K.R. Hultine, K.E. Hunt, J.R. Rohr, B.J. Sinclair, C.D. Suski, C.K.R. Willis, and O.P. Love (2016) Success stories and emerging themes in conservation physiology. Conservation Physiology. 4:cov507. PDF
72. Frick, W.F., S. Puechmaille and C.K.R. Willis (2016) White-nose syndrome in bats. Pp 245-262 In: Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World. (Voigt and Kingston, eds). Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. LINK
2015
71. Willis, C.K.R. (2015) Conservation physiology for conservation pathogens: white-nose syndrome and integrative biology for host-pathogen systems. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 55:631-641. PDF
70. Webber, Q.M.R., Czenze Z.C., and C.K.R. Willis (2015) Host demographic predicts ectoparasite dynamics for a colonial host during pre-hibernation mating. Parasitology. 142:1260-1269. PDF
69. C.M. Davy, Martinez-Nunez, F., C.K.R. Willis and S.V. Good (2015) Implications of spatial genetic structure among winter aggregations of bats along the leading edge of a rapidly spreading pathogen. Conservation Genetics. 16:1013-1024. PDF
68. Pannkuk, E.L., L.P. McGuire, L. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, C.K.R. Willis, and T.S. Risch (2015) Glycerophospholipid profiles of bats with white nose syndrome. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 88:425-432. PDF
67. Czenze, Z.C. and C.K.R. Willis (2015) Warming up and shipping out: Cues for arousal and emergence in hibernating little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 185:575-586. PDF
66. Langwig, K.E., J. Voyles, M.Q. Wilber, W.F. Frick, K.A. Murray, B.M. Bolker, J.P. Collins, T.L. Cheng, M.C. Fisher, J.R. Hoyt, D.L. Lindner, H.I. McCallum, R. Puschendorf, E.B. Rosenblum, M. Toothman, C.K.R. Willis, C.J. Briggs, A.M. Kilpatrick (2015) Context-dependent conservation responses to emerging wildlife diseases. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 13:195-202. PDF
65. Turner, J.M., L. Warnecke, A. Wilcox, D. Baloun, T.K. Bollinger, V. Misra and C.K.R. Willis (2015) Conspecific disturbance contributes to altered hibernation patterns in bats with white-nose syndrome. Physiology and Behavior. 140:71-78. PDF
64. Webber, Q.M.R., L.P. McGuire, S.B. Smith and C.K.R. Willis (2015) Host behaviour, age and sex correlate with ectoparasite prevalence and intensity in a colonial mammal, the little brown bat. Behaviour. 152:83-105. PDF
63. Boratyński, J.S., C.K.R. Willis, M. Jefimow, and M.S. Wojciechowski (2015) Huddling reduces evaporative water loss in torpid Natterer's bats, Myotis nattereri. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 179:125-132. PDF
2014
62. Rapin, N., K. Johns, L. Martin, L. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, T.K. Bollinger, C.K.R. Willis, J. Voyles, and V. Misra (2014) Activation of innate-response genes in Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus) infected with the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans PLOS One. 9:e112285. PDF
61. Jameson, J.W. and C.K.R. Willis (2014) Activity of bats at anthropogenic tall structures: Implications for mortality of bats at wind turbines. Animal Behaviour. 97:145-152. PDF
60. Voyles, J., A.M. Kilpatrick, J.P. Collins, M.C. Fisher, W.F. Frick, H. McCallum, C.K.R. Willis, D.S. Blehert, K.A. Murray, R. Puschendorf, E.B. Rosenblum, B.M. Bolker, T.L. Cheng, K.E. Langwig, D.L. Linder, M. Toothman, M.Q. Wilber, C.J. Briggs (2014) Moving Beyond Too Little, Too Late: Managing Emerging Infectious Diseases in Wild Populations Requires International Policy and Partnerships. EcoHealth. DOI: 10.1007/s10393-014-0980-5. PDF
59. Willis, C.K.R. and A. Wilcox (2014) Hormones and hibernation: Possible links between hormone systems, winter energy balance and white-nose syndrome in bats. Hormones and Behavior. 66:66-73. PDF
58. Norquay, K.J.O. and C.K.R. Willis (2014) Hibernation phenology of Myotis lucifugus. Journal of Zoology (London). 294:85-92. PDF
57. Clare E.L., W.O. Symondson, H.G. Broders, F-H. Fabianek, E. Fraser, A. Mackenzie, A. Boughen, R. Hamilton, C.K.R. Willis, F. Martinez-Nunez, A.K. Menzies, K.J.O. Norquay, R.M. Brigham, J. Rintoul, J. Poissant, R.M.R. Barclay, J. Reimer (2014) The diet of Myotis lucifugus across Canada: assessing foraging quality and diet variability. Molecular Ecology. 23:3618–3632.
56. Wilcox, A., L.T. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, L.P. McGuire, J.W. Jameson, V. Misra, T.C. Bollinger and C.K.R. Willis (2014) Behaviour of hibernating little brown bats experimentally inoculated with the pathogen that causes white-nose syndrome. Animal Behaviour. 88:157-164. PDF
55. Stawski, C., C.K.R. Willis and F. Geiser (2014) The importance of torpor in bats. Journal of Zoology (London). y 292: 86–100 doi:10.1111/jzo.12105. PDF
2013
54. Menzies, A.K., M.E. Timonin, L.P. McGuire and C.K.R. Willis (2013) Personality variation in little brown bats. PLOS One. 8: e80230. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0080230. PDF
53. L. Warnecke, J.M. Turner, T.K. Bollinger, V. Misra, P.M. Cryan, D.S. Blehert, G. Wibbelt and C.K.R. Willis (2013) Pathophysiology of white-nose syndrome in bats: a mechanistic model linking wing damage to mortality. Biology Letters. 9:20130177. PDF
Featured in the University of Winnipeg News Centre and by CBC Radio's Quirks & Quarks.
52. Czenze, Z.J., A.D. Park and C.K.R.Willis (2013) Staying cold through dinner: Cold-climate bats rewarm with conspecifics but not sunset during hibernation. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 183:859-866. PDF Request
51. Luis, A.D., D.T.S. Hayman, T.J. O’Shea, P.M. Cryan, A.T. Gilbert, J.R.C. Pulliam, J.N. Mills, M.E. Timonin, C.K.R. Willis, A.A. Cunningham, A.R. Fooks, C.E. Rupprecht, J.L.N. Wood, and C.T. Webb (2013) A comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses: Are bats special? Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B. 280: 20122753. PDF
Featured by Live Science, Community Radio for Northern Colorado (NPR), Science In Action,
and Science News.
50. Norquay, K.J.O., F. Martinez-Nunez, J.E. Dubois, K. Monson and C.K.R. Willis (2013) Long-distance movements of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Journal of Mammalogy. 94: 506-515. PDF
2012
49. Cryan, P.M., J.W. Jameson, E.F. Baerwald, C.K.R. Willis, R.M.R. Barclay, E.A Snider and E.G. Crichton (2012) Evidence of late-summer mating readiness and early sexual maturation in migratory tree-roosting bats found dead at wind turbines. PLoS One, 7: e47586. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047586. PDF
48. Warnecke L., J.M. Turner, T.K. Bollinger, J.M. Lorch, V. Misra, P.M. Cryan, G. Wibbelt, D.S. Blehert and C.K.R. Willis (2012) Inoculation of bats with European Geomyces destructans supports the novel pathogen hypothesis for the origin of white-nose syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 109: 6999-7003. PDF
Featured by CBC Radio's Quirks & Quarks, BBC World News (scroll to minute 19:30),
New York Public Radio, The Guardian (UK), The Toronto Star and others
47. Jonasson K.A. and C.K.R. Willis (2012) Hibernation energetics of little brown bats. Journal of Experimental Biology, 215:2141-2149. PDF
Featured in the "Inside JEB" section.
46. Jameson, J.W. and C.K.R. Willis (2012) Bat mortality at a wind power facility in central Canada. Northwestern Naturalist, 93: 194-202. doi: 10.1898/12-03.1. PDF
2011
45. Willis, C.K.R., A.K. Menzies, J.G. Boyles, and M.S.Wojciechowski. (2011) Cutaneous water loss is a plausible explanation for mortality of bats from white-nose syndrome. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 51:364-373. PDF
Featured by American Physiological Society blog, 9 Sept. 2011
44. Brigham, R.M., C.K.R. Willis, F. Geiser, and N. Mzilikazi. (2011) Baby in the bathwater: Should we abandon body temperature thresholds to quantify expression of torpor? Journal of Thermal Biology. 36: 376-379. PDF
43. Jonasson K.A. and C.K.R. Willis. (2011) Changes in body condition of hibernating bats support the thrifty female hypothesis and predict consequences for populations with white-nose syndrome. PLoS One. 6: 1-8. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021061 PDF
42. Timonin, M.E., C.J. Carrière, A. Dudych, J.G.W. Latimer, S.T. Unruh, and C.K.R. Willis. (2011) Individual differences in the behavioural responses of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) to an unfamiliar environment are not correlated with variation in resting metabolic rate. Journal of Zoology (London). 284: 198-205. PDF
One of the 'Top 10 Most Cited' papers in the Journal of Journal of Zoology for 2013.
41. Lane, J.E., M.N.K. Forrest and C.K.R. Willis (2011) Anthropogenic influences on natural animal mating systems. Animal Behaviour. 81: 909-917. PDF
40. Czenze, Z. S.N.P. Wong and C.K.R. Willis. (2011) Observations of eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) 160 km off the coast of Nova Scotia. Bat Research News. 52:28-30
39. Norquay, K.J.O., J.E. Dubois, K. Monson and C.K.R. Willis (2011) Survival estimates for pre-WNS little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario. Pp 38-45 In: From Border to Border: Common Themes in Parks Management Research – Proceedings of the Parks and Protected Areas Research Forum of Manitoba. (C.K.R. Willis, P. Thingstad and J. Davin, eds.). Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Canada.
38. Willis, C.K.R., P. Thingstad and J. Davin (eds.) (2011) From Border to Border: Common Themes in Parks Management Research – Proceedings of the Parks and Protected Areas Research Forum of Manitoba. Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Canada.
2010
37. Matheson, A.L., K.L. Campbell and C.K.R. Willis (2010) Feasting, fasting and freezing: Energetic effects of meal size and temperature on torpor expression by little brown bats. Journal of Experimental Biology. 213: 2165-2173. PDF
36. Norquay, K.J.O., A.K. Menzies, C.S. McKibbin, M.E. Timonin, D.E. Baloun and C.K.R. Willis (2010) Silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) found ensnared on burdock (Arctium minus). Northwestern Naturalist. 91: 339-342. PDF
35. Jonasson, K.A., M.E. Timonin, K.J.O. Norquay, A.K. Menzies, J. Dubois, and C.K.R. Willis (2010) A little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) survives in the wild with only one foot. Journal of Wildlife Rehabilitation. 30: 27-29. PDF
34. Willis, C.K.R., R.M.R. Barclay, J.G. Boyles, R.M. Brigham, V. Brack, Jr., D.L. Waldien, J. Reichard (2010) Bats are not birds and other problems with Sovacool’s (2009) analysis of animal fatalities due to electricity generation. Energy Policy. 38: 2067-2069. PDF
33. Willis, C.K.R. and M.B. Fenton (2010) Social behavior and communication. Pp 57-71 in Bats in Captivity, Vol II. (Barnard S. ed.) Logos Press, Washington D.C.
32. Boyles, J.G. and C.K.R. Willis (2010) Could localized warm areas in cold caves reduce mortality of hibernating bats affected by white-nose syndrome? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 8:92-98. PDF
Featured by National Geographic, Scientific American, “Science Friday” (NPR), L.A.
Times, USA Today, Montreal Gazette, CBC News.
2009
31. Willis, C.K.R., Jameson J.W., Faure, P.A., Boyles, J.G., Brack V. Jr., Cervone, T.H. (2009) Thermocron iButton and iBBat temperature dataloggers emit ultrasound. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 179: 867-874. PDF
Click here to listen to time-expanded audio files of iButton ultrasound
30. Willis, C.K.R. and C.E. Cooper (2009) Techniques for studying thermoregulation and thermal biology in bats. Pp 646-658 in Ecological and Behavioral Methods for the Study of Bats. 2nd Edition (Kunz, T.H. and S. Parsons eds.) Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore
29. Misra, V., T. Dumonceaux, J. Dubois, C.K.R. Willis, S. Nadin-Davis, A. Severini, A. Wanderler, R. Lindsay, Artsob, H. (2009) Detection of 3 polyoma and corona viruses in bats of Canada. Journal of General Virology. 90: 2015-2022. PDF
28. Halowaty, M., Campbell and C.K.R. Willis (eds.) (2009) Parks and Technology: Using Technology to Help Manage Manitoba’s Parks. Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Canada.
2008
27. Metheny, J.D., M.C. Kalcounis-Ruepell, C.K.R. Willis, K.A. Kolar and R.M. Brigham (2008) Genetic relationships of roost-mates in a fission-fusion society of tree-roosting big brown bats. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 62: 1043-1051. PDF
26. Willis, C.K.R. (2008) A phylogenetic analysis of torpor arousal: do habitat or sociality predict warming rate? Pp 373-384 in Hypometabolism in Animals: Torpor, Hibernation and Cryobiology (Lovegrove B.G. and A.E. McKechnie eds). PDF
25. Geiser, F., N. Christian, C.E. Cooper, G. Koertner, B.M. McAllan, C. Pavey, J.M. Turner, L. Warnecke L., C.K.R. Willis and R.M. Brigham (2008) Torpor in marsupials: recent advances. Pp 297-786 in Hypometabolism in Animals: Torpor, Hibernation and Cryobiology (Lovegrove B.G. and A.E. McKechnie eds). PDF
2007
24. Willis, C.K.R. (2007) An energy-based, body temperature threshold between torpor and normothermia for small mammals. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 80: 643-651. PDF
23. Willis, C.K.R. and R.M. Brigham (2007) Social thermoregulation exerts more influence than microclimate on forest roost preferences by a cavity-dwelling bat. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 62: 97-108. PDF
22. Parkinson, T.D. and Willis, C.K.R. (2007) Habitat selection and thermal energetics of silver--haired bats Lasionycteris noctivigans: do bats like it hot? Pp 40-44 in: Landscapes, Wildlife and People: The Great Balancing Act: Proceedings of the Parks and Protected Areas Research Forum of Manitoba (Campbell, M., Hummelt, C., Mackay, K., and Camaso, L. eds). Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Canada.
2006
21. Willis, C.K.R., C.M. Voss and R.M. Brigham (2006) Roost Selection by female forest-living big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Journal of Mammalogy. 87: 345-350. PDF
20. Willis, C.K.R., R.M. Brigham and F. Geiser (2006) Deep, prolonged torpor by pregnant, free-ranging bats. Naturwissenschaften. 93: 80-83. PDF
19. Willis, C.K.R. (2006) Daily heterothermy in temperate bats using natural roosts. Pp. 38-55 in Functional and Evolutionary Ecology of Bats. (A. Zubaid, G.F. McCracken and T.H. Kunz eds.) Oxford University Press, New York.
2005
18. Phillips, I.D. and C.K.R. Willis (2005) Defensive behaviour of ants in a mutualistic relationship with aphids. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 59: 321-325. PDF
17. Willis, C.K.R., C. Turbill and F. Geiser (2005) Torpor and thermal energetics in a tiny Australian vespertilionid, the little forest bat (Vespadelus vulturnus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 175: 479-486. PDF
16. Willis, C.K.R., A. Goldzieher and F. Geiser (2005) A non-invasive method for quantifying patterns of torpor and activity under semi-natural conditions. Journal of Thermal Biology. 30: 551-556. PDF
15. Willis, C.K.R., J.E. Lane, E.T. Liknes, D.L. Swanson and R.M Brigham. (2005) Thermal energetics of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83: 871-879. PDF
14. Willis, C.K.R. and R.M. Brigham (2005) Physiological and ecological aspects of roost selection by reproductive female hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) Journal of Mammalogy. 86: 85-94. PDF
2004
13. Willis, C.K.R. and R.M. Brigham (2004) Roost switching, roost sharing and social cohesion: Forest-dwelling big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) conform to the fission-fusion model. Animal Behaviour. 68: 495-505. PDF
12. Fletcher, Q.E., R.J. Fisher, C.K.R. Willis and R.M. Brigham (2004) Free-ranging Common Nighthawks use torpor. Journal of Thermal Biology. 29: 9-14. PDF
11. Fisher, R.J., Q.E. Fletcher, C.K.R. Willis and R.M. Brigham (2004) Roost selection and roosting behavior of male Common Nighthawks.American Midland Naturalist. 151: 79-87. PDF
10. Willis, C.K.R., J.E. Lane, E.L. Liknes, D.L. Swanson and R.M. Brigham (2004) A technique for modeling thermoregulatory energy expenditure in free-ranging endotherms. Pp. 209-219 in Life in the Cold: Evolution, Mechanisms, Adaptation and Application. (Barnes, B.M. and H. Carey eds.) Biological Papers of the University of Alaska no. 27, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA. PDF
2003
9. Willis, C.K.R. and R.M. Brigham (2003) New records of the eastern red bat, Lasiurus borealis, from Cypress Hills Provincial ParkSaskatchewan: A response to climate change? Canadian Field Naturalist. 117: 651-654. PDF
8. Willis, C.K.R., K.A. Kolar, A.L. Karst, M.C. Kalcounis-Ruepell and R.M. Brigham (2003) Long-term reuse of trembling aspen cavities by big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Acta Chiropterologica. 5: 85-90. PDF
7. Willis, C.K.R. and R.M. Brigham (2003) Defining torpor in free-ranging bats: Experimental evaluation of external temperature sensitive radiotransmitters and the concept of active temperature. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 173: 379-389. PDF
Pre-2003
6. Willis, C.K.R., J. Psyllakis and D.J.H. Sleep (2002). Chaerephon nigeriae. Mammalian Species. 710: 1-3. PDF
5. Willis, C.K.R., R.F. Quinn, W.N. McDonell, J. Gati, G. Partlow and T. Vilis, (2001) Functional MRI activity in the thalamus and occipital cortex of anesthetized dogs induced using binocular and monocular stimulation. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. 65: 188-195.
4. Willis, C.K.R., R.F. Quinn, W.N. McDonell, J. Gati, J. Parent and D.A. Nicolle. (2001). Functional MRI as a tool to assess vision in dogs: The optimal anesthetic. Veterinary Ophthalmology. 4: 243-253. PDF
3. Willis, C.K.R. and M.L. Bast (2000) Status report for the Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus) in Canada. Accepted at the annual meeting of the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), May 2000.
2. Sleep, D.J.H. and C.K.R. Willis (2000) Normal foraging behaviour by a released bat. Bat Research News. 41:38.
1. Boutin, M.J. and C.K.R. Willis (1996) A new longevity record for Myotis yumanensis. Bat Research News. 37:11. PDF